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Differences in explanations among various demographic groups are not significant. The causes of corruption, which are based on poor quality of staff and gaps in laws gained the largest support among respondents over 55 years of age (about 75%) and graduates of compulsory education, and those with no education (80 % compared to 66% of the whole sample). The differences in the opinion among public and private employees are also interesting. The notion that civil servants are not selected properly and therefore cannot be relied upon in terms of the performance of their duties is supported by only 38% of civil servants compared to 60% of workers in the private sector.
Table 2
|
|
AA
|
TTA
|
TTD
|
AD
|
DN/DNWA
|
|
The political power is not doing anything in order to stop corruption
|
82
|
13
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
|
Civil servants are not selected properly
|
65
|
17
|
11
|
5
|
2
|
|
There is no transparency in government spending, which leads to easy misuse
|
84
|
10
|
3
|
1
|
2
|
|
Windows in legislation which give employees the opportunity to demand bribes from citizens in order to service them
|
63
|
18
|
8
|
7
|
4
|
|
Penalties for bribery are not strict
|
78
|
9
|
4
|
4
|
5
|
|
Penalties for misuse of public money are not strict
|
82
|
7
|
4
|
4
|
3
|
|
Many people in Greece accept corruption as part of everyday life
|
65
|
19
|
6
|
8
|
2
|
|
Difficult economic conditions favour bribery and misuse as a means of increasing revenues of employees
|
51
|
20
|
11
|
12
|
6
|
Legend: AA = absolutely agree, TTA = tend to agree, TTD = tend to disagree, AD = absolutely disagree, DN/DNWA = I do not know / do not want to answer
The explanation that associates corruption with the political culture is accepted mostly by liberal professions (80% vs. 2/3 of the total sample).
Table 3 shows the percentage of those who have chosen all explanations of corruption in 2009 and 2011. Again, the highest percentage is for the unwillingness of the political power to deal with corruption (57% in 2011), as well as transparency in government spending (43% in 2011). The explanation that associates corruption with the political culture in the past is accepted by fewer people (21%). The percentage of the explanation of the reluctance of the government to fight corruption increased the most between 2009 and 2011.
Table 3
|
|
2011
|
2009
|
|
The political power is not doing anything in order to stop corruption
|
57
|
52
|
|
Civil servants are not selected properly
|
30
|
32
|
|
There is no transparency in government spending, which leads to easy misuse
|
43
|
41
|
|
Windows in legislation which give employees the opportunity to demand bribes from citizens in order to service them
|
37
|
36
|
|
Penalties for bribery are not strict
|
43
|
37
|
|
Penalties for misuse of public money are not strict
|
43
|
37
|
|
Many people in Greece accept corruption as part of everyday life
|
21
|
19
|
The survey was conducted among 1,116 residents across Greece by telephone using a questionnaire. Different strata are presented accordingly. The questionnaire included "a survey experiment", which aims to subject random groups of the sample to certain scenarios. The total statistical error is up to ± 3.0%.
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