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Filippa Chatzistavrou and Sofia Michalaki

In the run-up to the upcoming snap elections in Greece on 25 January 2015, Syriza’s struggle to convince the reluctant voters of the party’s governing capacity is drawing growing attention both at home and abroad. The scaremongering by the coalition government’s representatives (especially by Prime Minister Antonis Samaras), the contradictory positions voiced by Syriza MPs and media sensationalism are all contributing factors, exacerbating what has become the most prominent schism in the elections: pro- vs anti-Syriza. EU officials and other institutional and economic stakeholders at the national and European level have issued numerous declarations, emphasising the cleavage between hard-liners and soft-liners with regard to the ongoing crisis in Greece. The fact is that negotiations with the troika of international lenders are expected to resume next month, and their outcome is likely to turn on the party that finally succeeds in forming a government after the elections.

According to the latest poll conducted by Alco and published in the Greek daily ‘To Pontiki’ (15.01.15), Syriza (32.4%) has a lead of 3.4% over New Democracy (ND) (28.9%)[1]. The extreme polarisation of the political landscape is playing against the smaller political parties. Under the Greek electoral system, a party needs to surpass the 3% threshold in the popular vote in order to enter the Parliament. Only the centre-left Potami (5.3%), the far-right neo-nazi Golden Dawn (5.2%), the Greek Communist Party KKE (4.2%) and the coalition government’s minor partner PASOK (3.7%) are likely to reach the threshold. According to the polls, the right-wing Independent Greeks party ANEL (2.7%) and the PASOK split KI.DI.SO party (2.5%) would fail to secure parliamentary representation [2].

In view of the above developments, this commentary explores several potential post-election scenarios that can be drawn.

Scenario 1. Syriza single-party majority government or Syriza-led coalition government with anti-austerity parties

Syriza is most likely going to be the winner of the snap elections of January 25th, but it might be a pyrrhic victory since it is not expected to form a clear majority government [3]. That’s why Syriza adopted the campaign rhetoric of ‘political intransigence’, insisting that it has no intention of cooperating with the majority of the smaller parties because of their proclaimed or hidden support for the programme of economic adjustment (PASOK, Potam and KI.DI.SO). A grand coalition with ND is out of the question. According to Syriza’s MPs, the Greek Communist Party can be their only possible partner, but they have declined that possibility unless the new government requests a debt write-off. If the Independent Greeks right-wing party managed to surpass the 3% threshold, the party would be willing to participate in a Syrizaled coalition government, and Syriza would be forced to form such a coalition. But polls suggest this is unlikely.

Syriza’s main objective is to increase ideological polarisation in the Greek electorate and thus to raise its chances of forming a one-party government. But it will be difficult for them to succeed in winning the requisite 35-37% share of the votes. The higher the number of smaller parties being excluded from parliamentary representation, the higher Syriza’s chances are of gaining an even bigger percentage of the national vote and forming a one-party government.

In the event that Syriza wins the election and forms a government - alone or in coalition with anti-austerity parties - this new government would probably ask for a further technical extension of the current economic adjustment programme. This would give the government more time to press the EU to grant the country partial relief of its sovereign debt and include a growth clause as a pre-condition to repay the rest.

Scenario 2. Syriza-led coalition government with pro-austerity parties or Syriza minority government

Despite Syriza’s reluctance, they might eventually be forced to accept the formation of a coalition government with the newly founded Potami party or/and PASOK, the coalition partner of the Samaras administration. Nevertheless, Potami has recently stated that it would not support such a government unless it accounts for at least 51% of the votes. Syriza will have to make huge concessions to secure PASOK and Potami party participation in a Syriza-led coalition government. Such a coalition government will be rife with tensions from the start and most probably will not be able to complete its four-year term. Potami party leader Stavros Theodorakis has insinuated that sooner or later the country would be led into snap elections once again. In a recent pre-electoral speech, PASOK leader Evangelos Venizelos didn’t exclude the possibility that the party could support a Syriza minority government [4] - but not its political programme.

Under either of these scenarios, Syriza will be forced to make a huge compromise concerning the national strategy vis-á-vis the European and international lenders. The party will have to relax its strong position against austerity and in support of a radical debt relief scheme. A more moderate position could consist of accepting a technical settlement by lengthening its debt maturities or/and by extending the moratorium period on the interest rate or the debt reimbursement.

Scenario 3. ND government or ND-led coalition government